Misoprostol and mid trimester termination of pregnancy in patients with two previous scars and more at Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital / Misoprostol e interrupção da gravidez no meio do trimestre em pacientes com duas cicatrizes anteriores e mais no Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital

Abstract Objectives: to determine efficiency and safety of three misoprostol regimens for 2nd trimester pregnancy termination in individuals with two or more cesarean section scars. Methods: a cross-sectional study included 100 pregnant ladies at 13th-26th weeks gestation with previous two cesarean sections (CSs) who were scheduled for pregnancy termination using misoprostol. Patients were conveniently assigned to 100µg/3h, 200µg/3h or 400 µg/3h regimens. Primary outcome was time to abortion, secondary outcomes were side effect and complications. Results: a significant association was found between number previous CSs and longer time to abortion (p=0.01). A highly significant association was identified between earlier gestational age and longer time to abortion (p<0.001). Lower side effects and complications were associated with 200 µg misoprostol every 3 hours of (p<0.001). Incomplete abortion was the most frequent recorded complication for the successive doses of misoprostol. Conclusions: misoprostol is an effective drug at low doses for pregnancy termination in women with prior two or more caesarean sections. However, its safety needs monitoring of the patient in the hospital to decrease morbidity and mortality behind its use.

Resumo Objetivos: determinar a eficiência e segurança de três regimes de misoprostol para interrupção da gravidez no segundo trimestre em indivíduos com duas ou mais cicatrizes de cesariana. Métodos: um estudo transversal incluiu 100 gestantes entre 13ª e 26ª semanas de gestação com duas cesarianas (CEs) anteriores que foram agendadas para interrupção da gravidez com uso de misoprostol. Os pacientes foram convenientemente designados para regimes de 100 µg/3 horas, 200 µg/3 horas ou 400 µg/3 horas. O desfecho primário foi o tempo para o aborto, os desfechos secundários foram efeitos colaterais e complicações. Resultados: foi encontrada associação significativa entre o número de cesáreas anteriores e o maior tempo até o aborto (p=0,01). Foi identificada associação altamente significativa entre idade gestacional mais precoce e maior tempo para abortar (p<0,001). Menores efeitos colaterais e complicações foram associados com 200 µg de misoprostol a cada 3 horas (p<0,001). O aborto incompleto foi a complicação mais frequente registrada para as doses sucessivas de misoprostol. Conclusões: o misoprostol é um medicamento eficaz em doses baixas para interrupção da gravidez em mulheres com duas ou mais cesarianas anteriores. Porém, sua segurança necessita de monitoramento do paciente no hospital para diminuir a morbimortalidade por trás de seu uso.

Interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo recurrentes. Estudio de prevalencia y exploración de factores asociados. Antioquia, Colombia, 2015 - 2021 / Recurrent voluntary termination of pregnancy. Prevalence study and exploration of associated factors. Antioquia, Colombia, 2015 ­ 2021

Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de las interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo (IVE) recurrentes y efectuar una exploración de los factores asociados a esta. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte trasversal descriptivo, en el que se incluyeron mujeres atendidas entre 2015 y 2021 en cinco sedes, en el Departamento de Antioquia, de una Institución que promueve la atención en salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) en Colombia. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, de SSR, así como la realización de IVE recurrente, tipo de procedimiento utilizado en la primera IVE, y método de anticoncepción elegido posterior a esta. Se presenta la prevalencia de período de aborto recurrente global y por año. Se hace exploración de los factores asociados por medio de análisis multivariado. Se obtuvo aval del comité de investigación de la institución. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 20.423 mujeres. La prevalencia de IVE recurrente fue del 4,07 % (n = 831) en todo el período, y varió del 2,3 al 6 % en los 6 años. El método más utilizado para la IVE recurrente fue inducción farmacológica (48,50 %). Después de la primera IVE, el 69,81 % de las mujeres utilizó métodos anticonceptivos clasificados como "muy efectivos", según la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo de la IVE recurrente pertenecer al régimen de aseguramiento subsidiado por el Estado (Odds ratio ajustado (ORa) = 1,35; IC 95 %: 1,05-1,72) y haber tenido dos o más gestaciones (ORa = 1,23; IC 95 %: 1,06 - 1,44). Como factores protectores se identificaron: contratación del servicio de IVE bajo modalidad de pago de bolsillo (ORa = 0,71; IC 95 %: 0,61-0,82), el antecedente de IVE tardía (ORa = 0,30; IC 95 %: 0,11-0,81), y la elección del implante subdérmico posterior al primer aborto primer aborto como (ORa =0,64; IC 95 %: 0,49 - 0,83). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de IVE recurrente posiblemente está incrementando. Se requieren estudios prospectivos que evalúen si existe una tendencia al incremento y que verifiquen posibles hipótesis de asociación que surgen de este trabajo.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of recurrent voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTP) and to explore associated factors. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional cohort study which included women seen between 2015 and 2021 in five sites of an institution located in the Department of Antioquia which promotes sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care in Colombia. Measured variables included sociodemographics, SRH, recurrent performance of VTP, type of procedure used in the first VTP and contraception method selected afterwards. The prevalence of global and yearly recurrent abortion period is presented. Associated factors were explored using a multivariate analysis. The research committee of the institution approved the study. Results: In total, 20,423 women were included. The prevalence of recurrent VTP was 4.07 % (n = 831) during the entire period, ranging between 2.3 and 6 % over the 7 years. The most commonly used method for recurrent VTP was pharmacological induction (48.50 %). After the first VTP, 69.81 % of women used contraceptive methods classified as "very effective" according to the World Health Organization. The risk factors identified as being associated with recurrent VTP included being part of the state-subsidized health insurance system (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.35; 95 % CI:1.05-1.72) and having had two or more pregnancies (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.44). Protective factors were identified and included out-of-pocket payment for VTP service (aOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61-0.82), a history of late VTP (aOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11-0.81), and the selection of a subdermal implant for contraception following the first abortion (sOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49 - 0.83). Conclusions: It is possible that the prevalence of recurrent VTP is increasing. Prospective studies are required in order to determine whether there is a growing trend and to verify potential association hypotheses derived from this work.

Pentalogía de Cantrell diagnosticada en el primer trimestre: reporte de caso / Cantrell's pentalogy diagnosed in the first trimester: case report

La pentalogía de Cantrell es una rara anomalía congénita caracterizada por la asociación de ectopia cordis con defectos en la pared toracoabdominal, el diafragma, el esternón y pericárdicos, y anomalías cardíacas intrínsecas. En diagnóstico prenatal, la ecografía se utiliza sistemáticamente entre las 11 y 14 semanas de gestación, evaluando marcadores de alteraciones cromosómicas como la sonolucencia nucal, el hueso nasal y la morfología patológica del ductus venoso, entre otros. Además, permite examinar la anatomía fetal y diagnosticar anomalías mayores, como acrania-anencefalia, holoprosencefalia, defectos de la pared abdominal y toracoabdominal, entre los que se incluye la pentalogía de Cantrell. Se reporta un feto con los hallazgos clásicos de pentalogía de Cantrell, que fue expulsado a las 13 semanas de gestación bajo protocolo de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Madre de 23 años, G1P0, sin exposiciones teratogénicas, en cuyo feto se encontró ectopia cordis, asas intestinales e hígado por fuera de la cavidad abdominal en las 10 y 12 semanas de gestación. El objetivo de este estudio es aportar a la literatura un reporte de pentalogía de Cantrell, siendo el primero reportado en Colombia en el primer trimestre de gestación, mostrando la importancia de la ecografía sistemática durante este periodo, en el marco de la posibilidad de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo.

Cantrells pentalogy is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the association of ectopia cordis with intrinsic cardiac anomalies and various anatomical defects found in the thoracoabdominal wall, diaphragm, sternum and pericardium. Ultrasound is used routinely between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation during prenatal diagnosis. It evaluates markers of chromosomal alterations such as nuchal sonolucency, the nasal bone, and the pathological morphology of the ductus venosus, among others. Furthermore, it allows the diagnosis of altered fetal anatomy and major abnormalities such as acrania-anencephaly, holoprosencephaly, abdominal and thoraco-abdominal wall defects including Cantrells pentalogy. In this case report, we present a fetus with the classic findings of Cantrells pentalogy, which was expelled during the 13th week of gestation under the protocol of voluntary interruption of pregnancy. The mother, a 23-year-old woman, G1P0, without teratogenic exposures, in whom during the routine ultrasound of the 10th and 12th weeks of gestation ectopia cordis, intestinal loops and liver outside the abdominal cavity were found on the fetus. The main objective of this study is to contribute to the literature a case report of pentalogy of Cantrell, diagnosed through prenatal ultrasound, being the first reported in Colombia during first trimester of gestation, showing the importance of routine ultrasound, in the context of access to a voluntary termination of pregnancy.

Aborto em Marabá, Pará: fatores e motivos associados / Aborto en Marabá, Pará: factores asociados y razones / Abortion in Marabá, Pará: associated factors and reasons

O bjetivo: i dentificar o perfil sociodemográfico e de abortamento provocado por mulheres residentes em Marabá , Pará e os principais fatores e motivos associados. Método: es tudo quantitativo, do tipo transversal, por meio de questionários coletados de março a dezembro de 2020, envolvendo 394 mulheres residentes em Marabá, alfabetizadas e com idade maior ou igual a 18 anos. Resultados: 37 mulheres que já tiveram algum aborto estavam na faixa etária de 25 a 29 anos, com ensino superior, solteira, com renda familiar de um a dois salários - mínimos, católica e doméstica. Os principais motivos para abortar foram: falta de condições financeiras, não estar preparada para ser mãe e rel ação instável com o parceiro. Conclusão: o aborto provocado é reflexo de um paradigma socioeconômico desigual e sua criminalização traz impedimentos à assistência e reconhecimento do problema.(AU)

Objective: t o identify the sociodemographic and abortion profile of women residing in Marabá , Pará and the main associated factors and reasons. Method: quantitative, cross - sectional study, through questionnaires collected from March to December 2020, involving 394 women residing in Marabá, literate and aged 18 years or older. Results: t he results showed that the 37 women who had already had an abortion w ere aged between 25 and 29 years, with higher education, single, with a family income of one to two minimum wages, catholic and domestic. The main reasons for abortion were lack of financial conditions, not being prepared to be a mother and unstable relati onship with the partner. Conclusion: induced abortion reflects an unequal socioeconomic paradigm, and its criminalization brings obstacles to care and recognition of the problem.(AU)

Objetivo: i dentificar el perfil sociodemográfico y de aborto de las mujeres residentes en Marabá , Pará y los principales factores y motivos asociados. Método: estudio transversal, través de cuestionarios recolectados de marzo a diciembre de 2020, i nvolucrando a 394 mujeres residentes en Marabá, alfabetizadas y con 18 años o más. Resultados: 37 mujeres que ya habían abortado tenían entre 25 y 29 años, con estudios superiores, solteras, con ingreso familiar de uno a dos salarios mínimos, católicas y d omésticas. Los principales motivos del aborto fueron: falta de condiciones económicas, no estar preparada para ser madre y relación inestable en pareja. Conclusión: el aborto inducido es reflejo de un paradigma socioeconómico desigual y su criminalización trae obstáculos para la atención y reconocimiento del problema.(AU)

Conhecimento e percepção dos enfermeiros e médicos sobre moralidade do aborto induzido e sua legislação / Knowledge and perception of nurses and physicians about morality of induced abortion and its legislation / Conocimiento y percepción de enfermeras y médicos sobre la moralidad del aborto inducido y su legislación

Objetivo: Relatar o conhecimento e a percepção dos profissionais enfermeiros e médicos sobre a moralidade do aborto induzido e sua legislação. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, envolvendo 39 Enfermeiros e Médicos de duas Maternidades do sul do Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o "Mosaico de Opiniões Sobre o Aborto Induzido" e um questionário complementar. Para análise descritiva e associações foi utilizado o pacote estatístico Data Analysis and Statistical Software. Resultados: Constatou-se que os profissionais possuem adequado conhecimento a respeito da legislação, conhecimento insuficiente a respeito dos documentos necessários para o aborto legal e sobre o direito a objeção de consciência, sendo este último principalmente entre os enfermeiros. Os profissionais defendem outras possibilidades de aborto na legislação, e a respeito do Mosaico, predominam os padrões liberais em comparação aos conservadores. Conclusão: Se faz necessária a discussão sobre o tema, ampliando o conhecimento a respeito dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres e sobre a conduta durante a assistência ao aborto. (AU)

Objective: Report the knowledge and perception of nurses and physicians about the morality of induced abortion and its legislation. Methods: Quantitative study, involving 39 nurses and physicians at two maternity hospitals in southern Brazil. For data collection the "Mosaic of Opinions on Induced Abortion" and a complementary questionnaire were used. For descriptive analysis and associations, the Data Analysis and Statistical Software statistical package was used. Results: It was found that the professionals have adequate knowledge about the legislation, insufficient knowledge about the documents necessary for legal abortion and about the right to conscientious objection, the latter occurred mainly among nurses. Professionals defend other possibilities of abortion in the legislation, and regarding the Mosaic, liberal standards prevail in comparison to conservatives. Conclusion: It is necessary to discuss the topic, expanding knowledge about women's sexual and reproductive rights and about conduct during abortion care. (AU)

Objetivo: Informar el conocimiento y percepción de enfermeras y médicos profesionales sobre la moralidad del aborto inducido y su legislación. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, que involucró a 39 enfermeras y médicos de dos maternidades del sur de Brasil. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el "Mosaico de Opiniones sobre el Aborto Inducido" y un cuestionario complementario. Para el análisis descriptivo y las asociaciones se utilizó el paquete estadístico Data Analysis and Statistical Software. Resultados: Se constató que los profesionales tienen conocimiento adecuado sobre la legislación, conocimiento insuficiente sobre los documentos necesarios para el aborto legal y sobre el derecho a la objeción de conciencia, siendo este último principalmente entre enfermeras. Los profesionales defienden otras posibilidades de aborto en la legislación, y con respecto a Mosaic, los estándares liberales prevalecen en comparación con los conservadores. Conclusión: Es necesario discutir el tema, ampliando el conocimiento sobre los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres y sobre la conducta durante la atención del aborto. (AU)

Saúde mental e abortamento voluntário na audiência pública da ADPF442/STF / Mental health and voluntary abortion in the public hearing of ADPF442/STF / Salud mental y aborto voluntario en la audiencia pública del ADPF442/STF

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os argumentos da estratégia de persuasão dos discursos apresentados na audiência pública sobre a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental-ADPF 442, realizada em 2018, cujo propósito era discutir sobre a interrupção voluntária da gravidez até a 12ª semana. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, analítico-descritiva e documental. O objeto de análise foi o registro da audiência, apresentado em vídeo, disponibilizado na plataforma digital YouTube, e em ata lavrada pelo STF, ambos de acesso público. A partir de uma análise do discurso, identificou-se os argumentos utilizados na estratégia de persuasão, que foram sistematizados em quatro categorias de argumentos para cada um dos dois grupos identificados: o grupo pró e o grupo contra a descriminalização do aborto. As três primeiras categorias, Saúde mental, Direito e Saúde pública, mesmo com diferenças na forma de apresentar o argumento, se repetem nos dois grupos. Todavia, a quarta categoria, Pressupostos, se diferenciou. No grupo pró descriminalização do aborto, apresentou-se como Pressupostos filosóficos e científicos, e no grupo contra, como Pressupostos morais. Por fim, a defesa da saúde mental das mulheres foi o principal argumento numa forma de humanizar o sofrimento vivido pelas que desejam abortar e não encontram o suporte do Estado para assegurar sua dignidade, cidadania e efetiva igualdade, garantidas constitucionalmente.(AU)

The study aimed to identify the arguments of the persuasion strategy of the speeches presented at the public hearing on the Action Against the Violation of Constitutional Fundamental Rights -ADPF 442, held in 2018, whose purpose was to discuss the voluntary interruption of pregnancy until the 12th week. To this end, a qualitative, analytical-descriptive, and documentary research was carried out. The object of analysis was the video recording of the hearing available on the YouTube platform, and in minutes drawn up by the STF, both of which are public. Based on a discourse analysis, the arguments used in the persuasion strategy were identified, which were systematized into four categories of arguments for each of the two identified groups: the group for and the group against the decriminalization of abortion. The first three categories, Mental Health, Law and Public Health, even with differences in the way of presenting the argument, are repeated in both groups. However, the fourth category, Assumptions, differed. In the group for the decriminalization of abortion, it was presented as Philosophical and Scientific Assumptions, whereas the group against, as Moral Assumptions. Finally, the defense of women's mental health was the main argument in a way of humanizing the suffering experienced by those who wish to have an abortion and do not find the support of the State to guarantee their dignity, citizenship, and effective equality, constitutionally guaranteed.(AU)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los argumentos de la estrategia de persuasión de los discursos presentados en la audiencia pública sobre el Argumento por Incumplimiento de un Percepto Fundamental -ADPF 442, realizada en 2018, con el objetivo de discutir la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo hasta la 12.ª semana. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa, analítico-descriptiva y documental. El objeto de análisis fue la grabación de la audiencia, que está disponible en la plataforma digital YouTube, y actas levantadas por el Supremo Tribunal Federal -STF, ambas de acceso público. A partir de un análisis del discurso se identificaron los argumentos utilizados en la estrategia de persuasión, los cuales se sistematizaron en cuatro categorías de argumentos para cada uno de los dos grupos identificados: el grupo pro y el grupo en contra de la despenalización del aborto. Las tres primeras categorías ("salud mental", "derecho" y "salud pública") aún con diferencias en la forma de presentar el argumento se repiten en ambos grupos. Pero difiere la cuarta categoría "supuestos". En el grupo a favor de la despenalización del aborto se presentó como "supuestos filosóficos y científicos", y en el grupo en contra, como "supuestos morales". Finalmente, la defensa de la salud mental de las mujeres fue el principal argumento en un intento por humanizar el sufrimiento que viven aquellas que desean abortar y no encuentran el apoyo del Estado para garantizar su dignidad, ciudadanía e igualdad efectiva, preconizadas por la Constitución.(AU)

Transitar el laberinto: trayectorias de cuidado entre mujeres que deciden abortar en el Ecuador / Traversing the labyrinth: Trajectories of care among women who decide to have an abortion in Ecuador

El acercamiento a las experiencias de mujeres que decidieron abortar en Ecuador, a partir de sus relatos biográficos, nos permitió comprender las trayectorias de cuidado por las que debieron transitar. Se desarrolló una metodología cualitativa, con enfoque biográfico narrativo, con la participación de 19 mujeres mayores de edad, residentes en diferentes provincias del Ecuador, un territorio con medidas restrictivas sancionatorias legales y morales alrededor del aborto. Encontramos que los contextos socio biográficos de las participantes se caracterizaron por la presencia de múltiples formas de violencia; sus decisiones en salud sexual y reproductiva constituyen una carga moral que las responsabiliza y les impone una serie de mandatos sociales en medio de grandes limitaciones y restricciones; sus trayectorias y búsqueda de cuidados se caracterizan por un Estado ausente como garante, lo que las lleva resguardarse en sí mismas o en algunas mujeres que construyen redes de soporte por fuera de la institucionalidad formal de protección, transitando rutas diversas donde el descuido y las violencia vuelven a ser predominantes. Estos hallazgos derivan en una serie de discusiones en torno a la vida de las participantes, como el tránsito por un laberinto donde las violencias que experimentan crean encrucijadas y rodeos difíciles de evadir y superar; por otra parte, la maternidad se presenta como una propuesta que enfrenta a las mujeres a tensiones permanentes, donde la decisión de abortar es una postergación de aquella más que su negación, tensiones como las mutaciones de la religiosidad, que no solo dan soporte del ideal femenino y de su rol básico de la maternidad, sino también un elemento de soporte para la decisión. Se concluye con la propuesta del Cuidado Sororo de la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva (SSR), inspirada en las teorías feministas y en los aportes de las organizaciones sociales que defienden los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres. Dicha propuesta se deriva de las narrativas de las mujeres y se centra en su autonomía para reivindicar la importancia del cuidado desde una perspectiva más humanizada, respetuosa, solidaria y empática. (AU)

The approach to the experiences of women who decided to have an abortion in Ecuador allowed us to understand the care trajectories they had to go through, based on their biographical accounts. A qualitative methodology was used with a biographical narrative approach and the participation of 19 women of legal age, residents of different provinces of Ecuador, a territory with restrictive legal and moral sanctioning measures around abortion. We found that the socio-biographical contexts of the participants were characterized by the presence of multiple forms of violence; their sexual and reproductive health decisions constitute a moral burden that makes them responsible and impose a series of social mandates in the midst of great limitations and restrictions; their trajectories and search for care are characterized by an absent State as guarantor, which leads them to take refuge in themselves or in some women who build support networks outside the formal institutionality of protection, going through diverse routes where neglect and violence are once again predominant. These findings lead to a series of discussions about the life of the participants as the transit through a labyrinth, where the violence they experience creates crossroads and detours difficult to avoid and overcome; motherhood as a proposal that confronts women with permanent tensions, where the decision to abort is a postponement of it, rather than its denial and the mutations of religiosity that not only support the feminine ideal and its basic role of motherhood, but also an element of support for the decision. It concludes with the proposal of Sororo Care of Sexual and Reproductive Care (SRH), inspired by feminist theories and the contributions of social organizations that defend women's sexual and reproductive rights. This proposal is derived from women's narratives and focuses on their autonomy, to vindicate the importance of care from a more humanized, respectful, supportive and empathetic perspective. (AU)

Profiles of women presenting for abortions in Singapore at the National University Hospital: focus on married women

INTRODUCTION@#In this study, we aimed to identify the differences in sociodemographic variables and reasons for termination of pregnancy (TOP) between married women and single/divorced women. We hope that this study can guide future policies and interventions to reduce the incidence of unsupported pregnancies in this profile group of women.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively evaluated the sociodemographic data of 802 women who underwent an abortion for social reasons at our institution in Singapore from January 2016 to September 2018. We compared the sociodemographic variables, reasons for and methods of TOP between married and single/divorced women.@*RESULTS@#We analysed data from 524 married women (65.3%) and 278 single/divorced women (34.7%). Married women were more likely to be of older age (29.5 years vs. 24.5 years, P < 0.001), had more living children and higher educational qualifications. The top two cited reason for abortions among married women were having enough children (42.0%) and the inability to afford another child (18.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that women aged >19 years and having more living children were independently associated with recurrent TOPs. Having a tertiary education was noted to be associated with less recurrent TOPs.@*CONCLUSION@#The most common reasons married women cited for having TOP include having enough children and the lack of financial capacity to afford another child. Recommendations to support women ought to be personalised and comprehensive in addressing their needs rather than offering a standardised support method. Greater emphasis should be placed on post-TOP family planning counselling to reduce repeated TOP.

Characterizing two models for abortion care in Argentina pre-Law 27.610: 2016-2019 / Utilización de dos modelos en la atención al aborto en Argentina pre-Ley 27.610: 2016-2019

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Explore the use of two abortion care models in Argentina over the period 2016-2019: pro-rights private medical service providers and abortion accompaniment (via self-management and via health institutions); and compare the profile of who accesses these models and when. METHODS We used data from accompaniment collectives in the Socorristas en Red and private service providers. We estimated annual abortion rates via these service models and compared the profile of the populations by type of service and gestational age (2019) using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. RESULTS In 2016, 37 people per 100,000 women of reproductive age obtained accompanied self-managed abortions, and the number increased to 111 per 100,000 in 2019, a threefold increase. The rate of abortions via care providers was 18 per 100,000 in 2016 and 33 in 2019. Higher proportions of those who obtained abortion via care providers were 30 years or older. A higher proportion of those accompanied were 19 years or younger; 11% of those who obtained accompanied self-managed abortions were more than 12 weeks gestation compared with 7% among those who had accompanied abortions via health institutions and 0.2% among those who had abortions with private providers. A higher proportion of those who accessed accompanied abortions after 12 weeks gestation had lower educational levels, did not work or have social security coverage, had more past pregnancies, and attempted to terminate their pregnancies prior to contacting the Socorristas compared to those who had accompanied abortions at 12 weeks or earlier. CONCLUSIONS In Argentina, prior to Law 27.610 models of care guaranteed access to safe abortion. It is important to continue making visible and legitimizing these models of care so that all those who decide to have an abortion, whether inside or outside health institutions, have safe and positive experiences.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Explorar la utilización de dos modelos para la atención al aborto en Argentina en el período 2016-2019: abortos con proveedores de servicios médicos privados proderechos y abortos acompañados (vía autogestión y vía instituciones de salud); y comparar el perfil de quiénes acceden a estos modelos y cuándo. MÉTODOS Utilizamos datos de sistematizaciones de colectivas de acompañamiento en Socorristas en Red y de proveedores de servicios privados. Estimamos tasas anuales de abortos mediante estos servicios y comparamos el perfil de las poblaciones por tipo de servicio y edad gestacional (2019) utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y prueba chi-cuadrado. RESULTADOS En el 2016, 37 personas por cada 100,000 mujeres en edad reproductiva obtuvieron abortos acompañados vía autogestión, aumentando a 111 por 100,000 en 2019, es decir, se triplicó. La tasa de abortos con proveedores fue de 18 por 100,000 en 2016 y de 33 en 2019. Mayor proporción de quienes acudieron con proveedores tenía 30 años o más y mayor proporción de personas acompañadas tenía 19 años o menos; el 11% de quienes obtuvieron abortos acompañados vía autogestión tenía más de 12 semanas de gestación en comparación con el 7% entre quienes tuvieron abortos acompañados vía instituciones de salud y el 0.2% entre quienes abortaron con proveedores. Una mayor proporción de quienes accedieron a abortos acompañados después de 12 semanas de gestación tenía menor nivel educativo, no trabajaban ni tenían cobertura de obra social, y habían tenido más embarazos e intentado interrumpir su embarazo comparando con quienes abortaron acompañadas a las 12 semanas o antes. CONCLUSIONES En Argentina existen modelos de atención que han garantizado el acceso a abortos seguros desde antes de la Ley 27.610. Es importante continuar visibilizando y legitimando estos modelos para que todas las personas que deciden abortar, dentro o fuera de instituciones de salud, tengan experiencias seguras y positivas.

Outcome analysis of pregnancy termination and expectant treatment in pregnant women with suspected invasive placenta accreta spectrum disorders in the second trimester / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of expectant treatment and early termination of pregnancy in pregnant women with suspected invasive placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS) in the second trimester. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 51 pregnant women with suspected invasive PAS (ultrasound score ≥10) evaluated by ultrasound with gestational age <26 weeks and confirmed as invasive PAS by intraoperative findings or postoperative pathology in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to January 2022. According to the informed choice of pregnant women and their families, they were divided into expectant treatment group (37 cases) and mid-term termination group (14 cases). The general clinical data and outcome indexes of the two groups were analyzed by χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U rank sum test, logistic regression and linear regression. Results: (1) General clinical data: among 51 pregnant women who were assessed as suspected invasive PAS by ultrasonography in the second trimester, invasive PAS was finally diagnosed by intraoperative findings and postoperative pathology, among which 46 cases (90%) were placenta percreta and 5 cases (10%) were placenta increta. (2) Outcome indicators: univariate analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the intraoperative blood loss (median: 2 200 vs 2 150 ml), the proportion of blood loss >1 500 ml [73% (27/37) vs 9/14], the hysterectomy rate [62% (23/37) vs 8/14], the rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission [78% (29/37) vs 9/14] between the expectant treatment group and the mid-term termination group (all P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the rate of intraoperative blood loss >1 500 ml (aOR=0.481, 95%CI: 0.017-13.958; P=0.670), hysterectomy (aOR=0.264, 95%CI: 0.011-6.569, P=0.417) and ICU admission (aOR=1.327, 95%CI: 0.048-36.882, P=0.867) between the two groups showed no statistical differences. (3) Outcome analysis: all 37 cases in the expectant treatment group had live births and no early neonatal death. Five pregnant women (14%, 5/37) in the expectant treatment group underwent emergency cesarean section in the course of expectant treatment. In the mid-term termination group, all pregnancies were terminated by operation, including 9 cases of hysterectomy and 5 cases of placental hysterectomy. There was 1 fetal survival (gestational age of termination: 27+4 weeks) and 13 fetal death in the mid-term termination group. Conclusions: Pregnant women who are diagnosed as suspected invasive PAS, especially those with placenta percreta, have the risk of uterine rupture and emergency surgery in the course of expectant treatment. However, early termination of pregnancy does not reduce the risk of intraoperative blood loss and hysterectomy.

Interrupción voluntaria del embarazo y salud sexual y reproductiva en mujeres migrantes en Barranquilla / Voluntary interruption of pregnancy and sexual and reproductive health in migrant women in Barranquilla / Interrupção voluntária da gravidez e saúde sexual e reprodutiva em mulheres migrantes em Barranquilla

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar el conocimiento y las barreras para acceder efectivamente a la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE), y en general a los servicios sexuales y reproductivos (SSR), entre mujeres provenientes de Venezuela (migrantes venezolanas y colombianas retornadas). Métodos. Estudio cualitativo de 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas en mujeres provenientes de Venezuela, residentes en Barranquilla que ejecutan acciones de liderazgo en comunidades o que participan (o se benefician) de las actividades. Las entrevistas comprendieron dimensiones sobre opiniones y experiencias relacionadas con el acceso a IVE, y en general a SSR, y sugerencias para mejorar el acceso para las mujeres migrantes. Se exploró la relación del acceso a estos servicios con el proceso migratorio y el papel de las organizaciones sociales. Resultados. Se identificó la falta de información sobre derechos en SSR como principal barrera para acceso a la IVE. Otras barreras identificadas fueron: actitud hacia la IVE, exceso de trámites para atención médica, dificultades para la inclusión al sistema de seguridad social, falta de capacitación y atención en SSR y xenofobia en hospitales. Las entrevistadas manifestaron desconocer el marco legal en Colombia y las rutas para la atención de un aborto seguro. Conclusiones. Pese a los esfuerzos institucionales y de cooperación internacional, las mujeres migrantes venezolanas en Barranquilla se encuentran en una situación de vulnerabilidad debido a la falta de acceso a los SSR incluida la IVE. Implementar estrategias para atención integral a migrantes, permitirá mejorar condiciones de salud actual y el goce efectivo de los derechos en SSR.

ABSTRACT Objective. Identify knowledge about and barriers to effective access to voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP), and to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in general, among women from Venezuela (Venezuelan migrants and Colombian returnees). Methods. Qualitative study of 20 semi-structured interviews with women from Venezuela who are residents of Barranquilla and who carry out leadership activities in communities or who participate in or benefit from those activities. The interviews included opinions and experiences related to access to VIP, and to SRH in general, as well as suggestions for improving access for migrant women. The relationship between access to these services and the migration process was explored, as well as the role of social organizations. Results. A lack of information on SRH-related rights was identified as the main access barrier to VIP. Other identified barriers were: attitude towards VIP, excessive steps involved in accessing medical care, difficulties in admission to the social security system, lack of training and care in SRH, and xenophobia in hospitals. The interviewees said they did not understand the legal framework in Colombia and did not know the channels for safe abortion care. Conclusions. Despite the efforts of institutions and international cooperation, Venezuelan migrant women in Barranquilla are in a situation of vulnerability due to their lack of access to sexual and reproductive health, including voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Implementing strategies for comprehensive care for migrants will improve current health conditions and the effective enjoyment of SRH-related rights.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar os conhecimentos e as barreiras para o acesso efetivo das mulheres provenientes da Venezuela (migrantes venezuelanas e retornadas colombianas) à interrupção voluntária da gravidez (IVG) e aos serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva (SSR) em geral. Métodos. Estudo qualitativo de 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres provenientes da Venezuela, residentes em Barranquilla, que atuam na liderança comunitária ou que participam (ou se beneficiam) das atividades. As entrevistas compreenderam as dimensões de opiniões e experiências relacionadas ao acesso à IVG e aos serviços de SSR em geral, e sugestões para melhorar o acesso das mulheres migrantes. Explorou-se a relação do acesso a esses serviços com o processo migratório e o papel das organizações sociais. Resultados. Identificou-se a falta de informações sobre direitos em SSR como a principal barreira para o acesso à IVG. Outras barreiras identificadas foram: atitude em relação à IVG, excesso de burocracia para obter atenção médica, dificuldades para inclusão no sistema de seguridade social, falta de capacitação e atenção em SSR e xenofobia nos hospitais. As entrevistadas declararam desconhecer o enquadramento jurídico na Colômbia e os trâmites para obter atenção ao aborto seguro. Conclusões. Apesar dos esforços institucionais e de cooperação internacional, as mulheres migrantes venezuelanas em Barranquilla estão em situação de vulnerabilidade por falta de acesso aos serviços de SSR, incluindo a IVG. A implementação de estratégias para atenção integral a migrantes possibilitará a melhoria das condições atuais de saúde e a efetiva fruição dos direitos em SSR.

Cuidados de enfermería a la mujer con aborto por automedicación / Nursing care for women with self-medication abortion

El aborto inducido es el resultado de maniobras practicadas con la intención de interrumpir el embarazo. Esta acción puede provocar complicaciones que ponen en riesgo la vida de la mujer, lo que muestra la importancia de los cuidados de enfermería para minimizar el riesgo de complicaciones en el posaborto. El propósito del estudio es describir los cuidados de enfermería a implementar en las mujeres con aborto por automedicación. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que incluyó la búsqueda, selección, revisión, interpretación y síntesis de la evidencia científica publicada relacionada con el problema de investigación. Se revisaron documentos publicados en los últimos 5 años en bases de datos regionales y de alto impacto como son Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex y PudMed. Se usaron descriptores de salud relacionados con el tema propuesto en idioma español, inglés y portugués. Se identificó un total de 83 documentos, de los cuales se usaron 46 en la investigación realizada. Los restantes 37 manuscritos fueron excluidos por presentar deficiencias metodológicas que limitaban su uso, o que su eje central no se ajustaba al tema de investigación planteado. Los cuidados de enfermería desempeñan un papel fundamental en la prevención o detección precoz de complicaciones en las mujeres con abortos por automedicación. La prevención de este tipo de actos debe fomentarse antes de la concepción de la gestación, basado en una adecuada educación sexual a las mujeres en edad fértil(AU)

Induced abortion is the result of maneuvers performed with the intention of interrupting pregnancy. This action can generate complications that put the woman's life at risk, which shows the importance of nursing care to minimize the risk of post-abortion complications. To describe the nursing care to be implemented in women with self-medication abortion. A bibliographic review was carried out that included the search, selection, review, interpretation and synthesis of the published scientific evidence related to the research problem. Documents published in the last 5 years in regional and high-impact databases such as Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex and PudMed were used. Health descriptors related to the proposed theme were used in Spanish, English and Portuguese. A total of 83 documents were identified, of which 46 were used in the research carried out. The remaining 37 manuscripts were excluded due to methodological deficiencies that limited their use; or that its central axis did not fit the proposed research topic. Nursing care plays a fundamental role in the prevention or early detection of complications in women with self-medication abortions. The prevention of this type of acts should be encouraged before the conception of pregnancy, based on adequate sexual education for women of childbearing age(AU)

Conocimientos y actitudes sobre interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en estudiantes de una Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia) / Knowledge and attitudes regarding interruption of pregnancy in students of a University in Cartagena (Colombia)

Introducción: La interrupción voluntaria del embarazo es un asunto político que polariza las opiniones y genera controversias entre el sector salud, social, económico y cultural. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento y actitudes sobre la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en estudiantes de dos programas de Ciencias de la Salud de Cartagena. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, se aplicó el cuestionario adaptado por Marceliano y Medrano a 231 estudiantes de Enfermería y Medicina, los datos se analizaron obteniendo frecuencias relativas y absolutas. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes fue alto con 92,20% (213). Sin embargo, el 37,2% (86) no sabía cuáles eran las tres causales para que el aborto no se considere un delito. El 56,7% asume actitudes negativas hacia firmar una petición para legalizar el aborto y el 18,8% considera que si una mujer se realiza un aborto debe ir a la cárcel. Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de medicina y enfermería es alto, sin embargo, los patrones muestran desconocimiento sobre las causales de legalización del aborto de acuerdo con la norma vigente y una variabilidad de actitudes positivas y negativas ante la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo.

Introduction: Voluntary interruption of pregnancy is a political issue that polarizes opinions and generates controversy within the health, social, economic, and cultural sectors. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding voluntary interruption of pregnancy in university students from two Health Sciences programs of Cartagena. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study; the questionnaire adapted by Marceliano and Medrano was given to 231 students within the Nursing and Medical programs; the data was analyzed through relative and absolute frequencies. Results: The level of knowledge of the students was high with a 92.20% (213). Yet, a 37.2% (86) did not know the three reasons why abortion is not considered a crime. 56.7% have negative attitudes regarding signing a petition to legalize abortion and an 18.8% believe that a woman who has an abortion should go to jail. Conclusion: The level of knowledge in medical and nursing students is high, yet the patterns show lack of knowledge of the reasons for legalization of abortion according to the current laws and a variety of positive and negative attitudes regarding the voluntary interruption of pregnancy.

Abordaje integral de la Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo: (segunda entrega) / Comprehensive approach to the voluntary interruption of pregnancy: (second issue)

La legalización de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo ha transformado la práctica médica con respecto a la atención de las pacientes que desean interrumpir la gestación hasta la semana 14 en Argentina. En la primera entrega, el equipo PROFAM compartió su punto de vista a través de una adaptación de su material educativo destinado, sobre todo, a aclarar los aspectos legales que hacen a la práctica cotidiana. En esta entrega se desarrolla en detalle el procedimiento para realizar un aborto farmacológico con misoprostol y mifepristona, así como las generalidades del aspirado manual endouterino. (AU)

The legalization of voluntary termination of pregnancy has transformed medical practice regarding the care of patients who wish to terminate a pregnancy up to 14 weeks in Argentina. In the first issue, the PROFAM team shared its point of view through an adaptation of its educational material aimed, above all, at clarifying the legal aspects of daily practice. In this issue, the procedure to perform a pharmacological abortion with misoprostol and mifepristone is developed in detail, as well as the generalities of manual uterine aspiration technique. (AU)

Profile of women admitted with a history of induced abortion at a tertiary government hospital from 2013 to 2017 / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Introduction@#Unsafe abortion is one of the major medical and public health problems in developing countries. However, there is a lack of up‑to‑date and reliable information on induced abortion distribution and its determinant factors in the country@*Objectives@#This study determined the sociodemographic and clinical profile of women admitted for abortion at a tertiary government hospital in Cebu city from 2013‑2017@*Methods@#This study reviewed the charts in medical records of women diagnosed with abortion admitted at a government tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 with key words “abortion” in the final diagnosis@*Results@#The results of this study showed that 86% of patients who had induced abortion discharged improved from this institution, 2 patients died due to medical complications and 12% were discharged against medical advice. Majority of abortions were within early ages of gestation. Primigravidas and primiparas had the highest incidence of induced abortion 20.44% and 27.73%respectively. Of the treatments employed, the major method of abortion employed was mechanical. Majority of induced abortions did not develop septic complications@*Conclusion@#The trend in admission of induced abortions from 2013 to 2017 showed a downward trend. This decrease in incidence may be attributed to improved access to family planning methods since the Reproductive Health Law was implemented in 2014 and the introduction of the Maternal Perinatal Statistics quarterly conferences headed by Department of Health (DOH) Region 7 and the different DOH‑retained hospitals as well as BEMONC/SEMONC facilities in Cebu Province. 17. These statistical events focuses the spotlight on the importance of health education and further improvement in the provision of health care in the local setting. Moreover, further improvement in post abortive care and adequate coverage should be provided to patients with abortion to reduce the incidence of complications and potential mortality

Effect of Daoqi Tongjing needling method on intra-uterine residue after drug abortion from the perspectives of Hegu (LI 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) / 中国针灸

The paper introduces professor ZHUANG Li-xing's clinical experience in treatment of intra-uterine residue and lochia after drug abortion. Professor ZHUANG believes that this disorder is related to "dysfunction of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel, qi deficiency and blood stagnation, and retention of turbid qi in the uterus" in pathogenesis. The treating principle should focus on "regulating the functions of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel, tonifying qi and eliminating stasis, as well as promoting qi movement". Besides Hegu (LI 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), the acupoints are added from the conception vessel. The Daoqi Tongjing needling technique (the specific technique for directing qi and preserving essence) is exerted flexibly instead of traditional reinforcing and reducing technique of acupuncture to tonify qi and remove stasis.

"Sigue siendo un sistema precario". Barreras de acceso a abortos clínicos: la experiencia de acompañantes en tres regiones mexicanas / "The system is still precarious". Barriers in access to medical abortion: the experience of accompanying persons in three regions of Mexico / "Continua sendo um sistema precário". Barreiras no acesso a abortos medicalizados: a experiência de acompanhantes em três regiões mexicanas

El objetivo de esta investigación fue la identificación de las barreras más recurrentes de acceso a abortos en contextos clínicos (clandestinos o legales), desde la perspectiva de acompañantes, activistas feministas que acompañan a mujeres que optaron por abortos autogestionados con medicamentos. Realizamos 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas con acompañantes en tres regiones mexicanas: Baja California y Chiapas, ambos contextos restrictivos, y la Ciudad de México, donde el aborto por voluntad es legal hasta las 12 semanas. Identificamos cuatro categorías en las cuales se entretejen las vulnerabilidades sociales de las mujeres que deciden abortar, la falta de información, persistencia de estigma, y la influencia del marco legal, los fallos en la atención del aborto, incluso en las clínicas de interrupción legal de embarazo (en la Ciudad de México), y mala calidad de los servicios prestados -maltrato, objeción de conciencia y denuncia de los proveedores de salud-, y, por último, los grupos anti-derechos y sus estrategias. En las tres regiones, el acceso a abortos clínicos sigue siendo un privilegio reservado para las mujeres que cuentan con los recursos económicos, logísticos y sociales indispensables para realizarlo en esos espacios. La existencia de un programa Interrupción Legal de Embarazo en solamente una entidad denota la existencia de una desigualdad jurídica y sanitaria. Los hallazgos de este estudio sobre mujeres acompañantes de abortos aportan elementos para que el Estado mexicano mejore el acceso a abortos seguros para todas las mujeres, sobre todo ahora que la Suprema Corte de la Justicia de la Nación decretó la despenalización, y la legalización inminente en todo el país.

The study aimed to identify the most frequent barriers in access to abortions in both clandestine and legal clinical contexts, from the perspective of accompanying persons, namely feminist activists who accompanied women that opted for voluntary abortions with medication. We performed 14 semi-structured interviews with accompanying persons in three regions of Mexico: Baja California and Chiapas, both of which are restrictive contexts, and Mexico City, where elective abortion is legal up to 12 weeks' gestational age. We identified four categories in which the social vulnerabilities of women who elect to undergo abortion intersect, namely lack of information, persistence of stigma, influence of the legal framework, and flaws in abortion care, including in clinics for legal termination of pregnancy (in Mexico City), and poor quality of the services provided, with verbal abuse, conscientious objection, and healthcare provider complaints, and finally the antichoice groups and their strategies. In the three regions, access to abortion clinics is still a privilege reserved for women with the necessary economic, logistic, and socials resources for the procedure in these settings. The existence of a program for legal termination of pregnancy (Interrupción Legal de Embarazo) in only one entity reveals the existence of a legal and health inequality. The study's findings on accompanying persons for women undergoing abortions provide backing for the Mexican government to improve access to safe abortions for all women, especially now that the country's Supreme Court has decreed the procedure's decriminalization and its imminent nationwide legalization.

O objetivo dessa pesquisa era identificar as barreiras mais recorrentes no acesso a abortos em contextos medicalizados (clandestinos ou legais), desde o ponto de vista de acompanhantes, ativistas feministas que acompanham mulheres que optaram por abortos autogeridos com medicamentos. Realizamos 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas com acompanhantes em três regiões mexicanas; Baja California e Chiapas, ambas com legislações restritivas, e Cidade de México, onde o aborto voluntário é legal até 12 semanas de gestação. Identificamos quatro categorias nas quais se mesclam as vulnerabilidades sociais das mulheres que decidem abortar, a falta de informação, a persistência de estigma, e a influência do marco legal, as falhas no atendimento para o aborto, inclusive nas clínicas de interrupção legal de gravidez (na Cidade de México), e a baixa qualidade dos serviços prestados - maus tratos, objeção de consciência e denúncia contra os profissionais de saúde -, e, por último, os grupos antiaborto e suas estratégias. Nas três regiões, o acesso a abortos medicalizados continua sendo um privilégio reservado as mulheres que dispõem dos recursos económicos, logísticos e sociais imprescindíveis para realizá-lo naqueles espaços. A presença de um programa de interrupção legal de gravidez (Interrupción Legal de Embarazo) em apenas uma entidade denota a existência de uma desigualdade jurídica e sanitária. Os resultados desse estudo sobre mulheres acompanhantes de abortos trazem elementos para que o Estado mexicano melhore o acesso a abortos seguros para todas as mulheres, sobre tudo agora que a Suprema Corte de Justiça do México decretou a descriminalização e que a legalização é iminente no país como um todo.

Acesso universal e igualitário? O desafio na oferta do aborto previsto em lei pelo Sistema Único de Saúde / Universal and equal access? The challenge of legal abortion provision by the Brazilian National Health System

Resumo O aborto é tipificado no Código Penal brasileiro, entretanto, há casos em que ele não é punível. Nesses casos, o serviço deve ser ofertado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), seguindo os princípios de igualdade de assistência e universalidade de acesso. No entanto, está concentrado em poucos hospitais de grandes centros urbanos, limitando o acesso. As limitações institucionais da oferta refletem desafios próprios do SUS e são acrescidas de estigmatização do procedimento, impondo barreiras adicionais ao acesso. Neste ensaio, a oferta do aborto previsto em lei no país é abordada a partir da lógica de organização do SUS e dos marcos normativos que a tangem. Em seguida, à luz de experiências e recomendações internacionais, são discutidas possibilidades de expansão da oferta e facilitação do acesso. Conclui-se que o Brasil seria capaz de oferecer de forma segura na atenção primária o aborto previsto em lei, utilizando-se de sua capilaridade para ampliar a acessibilidade geográfica, evitando o não acesso por indisponibilidade. A não garantia de acesso pode levar à busca por meios inseguros de interromper a gravidez, além de violar direitos de preservação da vida, da dignidade e da liberdade.

Abstract Abortion is defined as a crime in the Brazilian Penal Code, nonetheless, it is not punishable in some cases. In these cases, the procedure must be offered by the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) following its principles of equal assistance and universal access. However, its provision is concentrated in a few hospitals in urban centres, limiting access. The institutional limitation of provision reflects some weaknesses of SUS and is aggravated by the stigmatization of the procedure, adding barriers to accessing it. In this essay, we approach legal abortion provision based on the SUS organization and the normative frameworks on abortion in the country. Then, we discuss alternatives for expanding abortion provision and access considering international experiences and recommendations. In conclusion, Brazil could provide safe legal abortion in primary health care, using its capillarity to expand geographic accessibility, and avoiding lack of access due to unavailability. Failure to guarantee safe abortion access can lead to unsafe procedures, in addition to violating the right to preserve life, to dignity and to freedom.

Prevalencia y características de objetores de conciencia a la Ley 21. 030 en instituciones públicas / Prevalence and characteristics of conscientious objectors to Law 21. 030 in public institutions

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Ley 21.030 permite la objeción de conciencia al personal de salud al interior del pabellón y a las instituciones privadas. Ha sido considerada conflicto de intereses no monetario, al anteponer los valores personales, afectando el cumplimiento del deber profesional. OBJETIVOS: Establecer la prevalencia de funcionarios/as objetores/as en los hospitales de la red pública del país y caracterizarles según edad, género y nacionalidad. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Para medir la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas, profesión y causal objetada, se utilizaron las pruebas de χ2, exacta de Fisher y de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: En 57 hospitales, se observa una mayor frecuencia de objetores en causal 3. En 443 objetores, la mediana de edad fue de 43 años, el 64,8% mujeres y el 87,4% de nacionalidad chilena. En las zonas centro y sur del país se concentra la mayor proporción de hospitales con más del 50% de objetores. CONCLUSIONES: La dificultad para obtener información impide conocer cabalmente la magnitud de la objeción de conciencia. Resulta preocupante la alta prevalencia de objetores, específicamente en la causal violación. La objeción no puede operar como barrera que vulnere los derechos y la dignidad de las mujeres.

INTRODUCTION: Law 21.030 incorporates conscientious objection for health personnel inside the surgical ward and allows its invocation by private institutions. It has been considered a conflict of interest, not monetary, by putting personal values first, affecting the fulfillment of professional duty. OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of objectors in the countrys public network hospitals and characterize them according to age, gender, and nationality. METHOD: Quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study. Central and dispersion trend measures were used. For measuring the association between sociodemographic variables, profession and causal objected, test χ2, Fisher exact and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. RESULTS: In 57 hospitals, a higher frequency of objectors were observed in the third causal. In 443 objectors, the median age was 43 years, 64.8% are women, and 87.4% are Chilean. The central and southern areas of the country have the highest proportion of hospitals, with more than 50% objectors. CONCLUSIONS: The difficulty for obtaining the information prevents fully knowing the magnitude of conscientious objection in Chile. The high prevalence of objectors, specifically in the causal violation is worrying. The conscientious objection cannot operate as a barrier that violates the rights and dignity of women.